Summary:
It begins with saying that in the past few years the nation as a whole has changed because of industrialization when before that for years everything including clothing, food, environment and work place had remained the same for hundreds of years. Though some say this is for the worst the change should be welcomed by all because it is necessary for human development as well as the development of the country. This new way of thinking and living though has enviably put wealth into the hands of a few. There are only so many ways the wealth can be distributed. One is that it can be left to the families after the possessor dies. Another is that is used for public purposes and the final is that it is just used by the possessor himself. The first option is unattainable for women should not have to take on that responsibility. The second is only successful if he is dead and has things he would want it to go towards. The third option is the best because the possesser can put his money into other places and help the economy as he sees fit. Finally, it is the ultimate duty of the man with wealth. To set an example of a modest living and help his brethren do better for themselves.
Summary:
He begins with saying that slaves in the states that rebelled are freed. This action can occur 100 days after this proclamation. He then names all of the states in which this proclamation does not affect, which is anyone who is a part of the Union. He orders that all persons who own slaves in the declared states free them so they can earn their own wages and live their own life. They can also be join any federal organization like the army and that he will invoke the military if needed in order to make this proclamation occur.
Summary:
He begins with saying that while this second election is still an honor it is not as big of an occasion as the first. He then says that he feels as though the public knows him by now and he hopes good things will come to the country in the future but nothing is guaranteed. Four years ago the country was afraid of going to war. Though everyone was afraid of war it came anyway. The power of God was with them in this deep time of distress and even though there was a lot of blood lost it would only be the judgements of God the mattered. He ends with that he does not hate anyone and he will do his best to achieve what is best for the nation during his second term.
Summary:
The Supreme Court begins by saying that the court originally favored a moderate decision which ruled in favor of Sanford but realized that it did not discuss the larger black citizenship laws. When Nelson presented his opinion his majority was actually just his belief so this was disregarded and there were two antislavery justices there. By February the Americans were well-informed and the conclusion was close. But there was a difference of opinion. Two days later after Buchanan's inauguration the justices came into the court room with the head being Justice Taney. They said that only that of slaves but also free blacks were sold as slaves and could not become entitled to all the rights and privileges because they weren't citizens. In Taney's opinion was that even free blacks were not citizens and should not be treated as such. The Constitution made no distinction between slaves and other types of property so Taney reasoned that the Missouri Compromise was not correct. It deprived slave holding citizens of their property in slaves and that it was unconstitutional. Finally he said that the slaves who have run away needed to be returned to their owner just like any other piece of property thus ruling in favor of Sanford.
Summary:
She begins to say that there is so much racket about the freedom of blacks in the south and the women in the North but the men will soon have a problem on their hands so why are they just talking. She continues on to say that men say women need to be properly helped but no one ever helped her and she has worked just as hard as the men. She could eat and work as much as men and birth children but shouldn't she be treated like a woman because isn't she a woman? What is she going to do with women's rights or black rights? she needs it, because the white male holds so much more, shouldn't she have some rights? The men say that women can't have rights but she brings up the point that Christ wouldn't have been born without a woman's help. Finally she says that the first woman God made was strong but now they were saying that men would be better doing it.
Summary:
Douglass begins by asking why he was asked to be there and talk about what he was going to talk about because even though on the 4th of July the Declaration of Independence was announced that did not mean that the slaves were grant their freedom too. He goes on to say that if they were free then those questions would be answered, but they are not and that is why he is standing there speaking. The joy of the day is not really shared because the day belongs to the White Man not the slave and that makes him sad. Instead they are carried away as captives and mournful wails instead of crys of joy. He sees the day from a slaves point of view and that slavery is a great shame in America and he uses the most severe language to describe it. But they do still contribute to society in many ways just as equally as the white man and live with a family, still in God's eye and still need to show that they can be men. He continues to say that it is wrong for men to abuse other men. Finally he answered what the 4th of July means to slaves saying that it reveals the gross injustice more than the celebration or any other day. He concludes by saying that it is not a nation of savages but rather a nation that practices things which are shocking. So where ever anyone may go put the facts first and stand up for what you believe in.
Summary:
He begins by saying that the founding father's brought the country together and created a new nation where all men should be equal. But now they were in a civil war which was not what any nation wants to go through. We could not hallow the ground they stand upon. There were brave men that struggled and fought for what they believed in. So the living should be dedicated here to the unfinished work of those who have fought and they should honor the dead. The only way to do this was to gather together and raise as a nation, as one united nation. He finishes by saying that the dead shall not die for nothing and the country should be related under God for a new birth and that not one more person should perish from the earth because of this argument.
